What term describes illegal acts committed willfully by a ship's master or crew?

The term that describes illegal acts committed willfully by a ship's master or crew is barratry. This legal concept refers specifically to wrongful acts that relate to the operation of a vessel. For example, barratry can include acts such as the ship's master or crew deliberately causing the ship to be lost, committing theft from the ship, or other acts that harm the ship's owners or cargo.

Understanding barratry is crucial within the context of maritime law because it holds the ship's master and crew accountable for their actions that may endanger the vessel or cargo. The unique nature of maritime operations calls for specific terminology to address the responsibilities and potential criminal acts associated with shipping and navigation.

The other terms provided, while related to illegal activities, do not specifically capture the essence of acts committed by maritime personnel. Burglary pertains to entering a building unlawfully with intent to commit a crime, fraud involves deception for personal gain, and misconduct broadly refers to improper behavior but lacks the specific relevance to maritime law.